Why Applications Get Denied
Failed civics/English test (but retest offered). Moral character issues (criminal history). Misrepresentation on application. Security concerns.
Retest vs. Appeal
Civics/English fails: Automatic retest offered (don't appeal). Character/security denials: You can appeal or request administrative review.
Appeal Process
Submit Form N-336 (Request for Hearing). USCIS grants hearing before different officer. You get chance to address concerns. 85% pass on appeal if credible evidence provided.